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Sorry folks but I couldn't upload the pdf file I created so here is the info long hand...Might be worth printing off then you can refer to the charts easier.
With the following info I will endevour to explain music in down to earth terms, This is not necessarily meant for advanced students of the guitar.
First we will start with something we need to understand initially,if we are to grasp music,
It is based on static formula's that is, Chords, Scales, etc etc. the formula never changes.
I did cover some of this info but it would be beneficial to have it all together.
Lets start then with the musical alphabet which is:
A B C D E F G A
From A to B is 1 tone = 2 frets from B to C is 1/2 tone= 1 fret C to D is 1 tone =2 frets
D to E is 1 tone=2frets E to F is 1/2 tone= 1 fret F to G is 1 tone=2 frets. G to A is 1 tone=2 frets
The formula for major scales is 1 tone, 1 tone, 1/2 tone. 1 tone, 1tone, 1tone, 1/2tone. So to make a major scale these are the intervals that have to be between notes... To illustrate, this is why the key of "C" has no sharps or flats Lets apply the formula to see why.
C D E F G A B C Check the musical alphabet above and you will see .... Between C and D there is 1tone, between D and E 1 tone, between e and F 1./2 tone between F and G 1 tone between between G and A 1tone.between A and B 1tone between B and C 1/2tone
In other words the perfect major scale without sharps or flats 1Tone, 1Tone, 1/2 Tone, 1 Tone, 1 Tone, 1 Tone, 1/2 Tone.
Now lets try the key of "G" between G and A 1 tone between A and B 1 Tone between B and C 1/2 Tone.( So far o.k.) between C and D 1 Tone, between D and E 1 tone, between E and F 1/2 tone (But we need 1 tone so we move the F one fret towards bridge to get F# making the correct interval Then between F# and G we have 1/2 tone So in the key of "G" every "F" we come across eiher as a note or in a chord will be sharp (F#)
Try some other keys keeping to the intervals and you will quickly see what makes each individual key.......
Now a few words on chord construction...Most common is the triad chord built on 3 notes
These are 1st degree (key) third degree and the 5th degree So if we look at the transposition chart and say want to check what makes "D" major we take the 1st "D" the Third "F#" and the 5th "A" so the notes D, F# and A make the chord D major there are of course many combinations of these notes on the fretboard and each one will give you D major if D or the Key note doesn't get played first the chord is known as an inversion of D major but nonetheless still D major.
Here are the formula;s for chords. _ = flatten # = sharpen
Major 1 3 5 (e.g. "C" would be C E G)
Minor 1 -3 5
Sixth 1 3 5 6
Minor 6th 1 -3 5 6
Major 7th 1 3 5 7
Minor 7th 1 -3 5 -7
Ninth 1 3 5 -7 9
Minor 9th 1 -3 5 -7 9
Major 9th 1 3 5 7 9
Eleventh 1 3 5 -7 9 11
Thirteenth 1 3 5 -7 9 11 13
Augmented (+) 1 3 5#
Diminished 0 1 -3 -5 (6)
Suspended 4th Sus4 1 4 5
Suspended 7th 1 4 5 -7
Each Major has a relative minor and this is built on the 6th degree of the scale...Look at transposition chart at the 6th note C = AM D= BM G = EM and so on.
There are 7 basic chords in each scale, However, you can get by with just 3 these are built on the 1st or (Key) 4th and 5th. The 5th degree is always a 7th chord so in the key of "C" we have the 3 basic chords C F and G7 In D we have D G and A7 and so on.
I hope this is of some use to some of you, I have done my best to keep it simple, it really isn't complex as some try to make out (Kinda like computer nerds) I am always open to help in any way I can.
Regards Phil C. Fenderphil
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